Stonehenge was built to unify Britain, researchers conclude

Building Stonehenge was a way to unify the people of Stone Age Britain, researchers have concluded.

Teams working on the Stonehenge Riverside Project believe the circle was built after a long period of conflict between east and west Britain.


"When Stonehenge was built, there was a growing island-wide culture--the same styles of houses, pottery and other material forms were used from Orkney to the south coast. This was very different to the regionalism of previous centuries," Dr. Mike Parker Pearson, project leader and archaeology professor at the University of Sheffield, said in a written statement. "Stonehenge itself was a massive undertaking, requiring the labor of thousands to move stones from as far away as west Wales, shaping them and erecting them. Just the work itself, requiring everyone literally to pull together, would have been an act of unification.”

Is Pearson right? One thing's for sure: this isn't the first explanation for the strange circle of giant stones just north of Salisbury, England.

One theory holds that the monument was erected as an acoustic environment, designed in order to support certain sound illusions. Another holds that it was a place of healing, and other studies have questioned whether the monument was an ancient observatory or a place of sacrifice?

But the Stonehenge Riverside Project research team rejected these and other previous theories. As support for their "unification" theory, the researchers point to the social and economic climate in Britain between 3,000 B.C. and 2,500 B.C.--the period during which Stonehenge was erected. Plus, the monument is situated on a series of natural landforms, with the stones arranged so the land draws a line between the directions of the summer solstice sunrise and midwinter sunset. This alignment was meaningful to communities at that time, the researchers said.

"When we stumbled across this extraordinary natural arrangement of the sun’s path being marked in the land, we realized that prehistoric people selected this place to build Stonehenge because of its pre-ordained significance,” Pearson said in the statement. “Perhaps they saw this place as the center of the world."

Many people traveled to Stonehenge this month in celebration of the summer solstice.


"At Stonehenge itself, the principal axis appears to be in the opposite direction to midsummer sunrise, towards midsummer sunset, framed by the monument’s largest stone setting, the great trilithon," Pearson said.

This new research has been published in Pearson’s book "Stonehenge: Exploring the Greatest Stone Age Mystery."