Headline Nov. 22/ ''' EGYPTIAN UPHEAVALS ENTIRETY '''

''' EGYPTIAN UPHEAVALS ENTIRETY '''

*ALL STUDENTS BELIEVE*  - The entire world believes that The World Students Society is the greatest creation and innovation that happened over the last many centuries.

And since that is true and very much so- 

All The Honors Belong To Every Single Student In The World............ See Ya all sign-up on !WOW! -the World Students Society and..................... !Twitter-E-!WOW! -the Ecosystem 2011.

The World Students Society belongs as exclusive ownership of *every single student of Egypt* :  One Share-Piece-Peace. Just as it belongs to every single student in the world.    

A HARVEST SCENE at a tomb from *Egypt's Ptolemaic* era shows, and what the researchers now   believe that:

Volcanic eruptions  caused atmospheric and climatic changes that caused crops to fail. Research also suggests that the unrest increased when eruptions affected  Nile  flooding.

A BOUNCE FROM A COMEBACK, and I review the Carbon emissions for the entire world and find that these damned emissions are back on the rise : After a 3-year plateau, increase shows world still far from achieving goals.

Scientists project that industrial emissions of carbon dioxide will rise to record highs in 2017 after a  three-year plateau, scientists last Monday.

It's a sign that the world is still  far from achieving its goals to limit global warming. 

Global emissions from fossil fuels and industry are on track to increase  roughly 2-percent over last year's levels, driven in part by a rebound in coal use in China, the world's largest emitter.

While dozens of nations, including the United States, have been reducing their emissions in recent years, those declines have so far been offset by rising pollution from developing countries.

So, EGYPTIANS, The Ptolemaic Kingdom was a prosperous time in Egypt's ancient history, nearly three centuries from 305 B.C...  to.........  30 B.C. that included the reign of reign of Queen Cleopatra V!! and the Light of Alexandria.

But there were also several bloody Egyptian revolts against the ruling Greeks during that period.  

   

But the records from the Ptolemaic period were all qualitative, not quantitative. 

So the research team turned turned to the Nilometer record, which contains measurements taken by large instruments built during Egypt's early  Islamic  period  to monitor the  Nile River's  annual flood level.,  

The researchers used the data from the Nilometer record to gain measurements from 622 A.D. to  1902 A.D., and identified the eruptions in that period.

On average the Nile flood level was nearly nine inches lower during eruption years, the team discovered.

This suggested a pattern that may have existed during the Ptolemaic Period, as well.

After confirming a link between a volcanic eruptions and poor Nile flooding, the team then matched the dates of  Ptolematic eruptions with papyrus records of well-known rebellions.

They found that eight of the 10 large uprisings happened within two years of volcanic eruption.

The biggest of these, the 20-year Theban revolt, began in 207 B.C. and followed a large tropical eruption two years earlier.

A papyrus report from this time indicated that most of the farmers were killed and the land had gone dry. 

In their  research paper, the researchers were careful to clarify that volcanoes alone were not the cause of  Egyptian revolts.

Rather,  the natural disasters set off a reaction that mixed other ingredients -like heavy taxation, ethnic conflict and disease, to incite social unrest.

''You have all these things coalescing at a time, and you can imagine it's a powder keg,'' said Dr. Ludlow.

''Allow of it puts a strain on the social system and can just ignite into revolt against the Ptolemaic Greek elites.''

Not every eruption in that period was linked to a revolt. The river failed to flood in the years following big eruptions in  46 and 44 B.C. during Cleopatra's reign, but her food allocation policies may have helped avert uprisings.

Kyle Harper, a professor of classics at the University of Oklahoma who has studied environmental change and the Fall of Roman Empire, said-

That the new paper was compelling and that it showed a strong link between the volcanic forces and their effects effects on the Nile River.

He added that he would like to see if the analysis could be extended to Egypt's Roman and early Islamic periods.

But Kevin Anchukatis, a paleoclimatologist at the University of Arizona, said that the study had somehow shortcomings.

For instance, he called the variablity in the Nile River flooding during eruption years relatively small.

The study also did not account for weather effects like EI Nino during that period, he said.

Dr.Ludlow responded by saying that the study shows that the flood levels are consistently lower following eruptions, and that larger eruptions produced a correspondingly greater drop of flood levels.

To Michael McCormick, a professor of history at Harvard, the study offers a note of caution as we face climatic changes in the future.

''It really gives us pause for the future, because volcanic eruptions will continue, and they will come at unpredictable times,'' Dr. McCormick said.

''It is sobering to see how how this may have had so effect on a very productive economy in the ancient world, and we need to reflect on how may affect us.''

With respectful dedication to the Leaders, Parents, Students, Professors and Teachers of Egypt, and then the entire world. See Ya all on !WOW! -the World Students Society and Twitter-!E-WOW! -the Ecosystem 2011:

''' Emissions Rise '''

Good Night and God Bless

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